Stereographic Projection
Here you see how the stereographic projection of the earth onto a plane is obtained. For each point on the surface, a ray from the north-pole through this point is constructed. The intersection of the ray with the plane is the projected point.
Controls
You can press R to show the ray from the north-pole through the earth to the plane.
If you press I the sphere is reversed. Mathematically, this corresponds to the map $z \mapsto \frac{1}{z}$ on the Riemann Sphere.
With A and B you can adjust the height of the earth.
If you have a spherical camera (such as the Ricoh Theta), then you can also switch to the camera input feed via C and use the spherical footage instead of the earth.
Software: CindyJS
Deformation made possible by connecting CindyJS to WebGL and calculating transformations on the GPU.
Widget Author:
Aaron Montag, Texture from http://planetpixelemporium.com